Semi-Solid vs Liquid Lithium Batteries — Performance in Extreme Climates

💡 Introduction

In extreme climates — from icy alpine regions to scorching deserts — energy storage systems face significant challenges. Traditional liquid lithium batteries often lose capacity or fail under temperature extremes, limiting reliability and lifespan.

PKNERGY’s semi-solid lithium batteries, particularly soft pouch cells such as 706070 (5Ah) and 7740186 (8Ah), redefine stability and performance through innovative electrolyte composition and stacked semi-solid structural design.

🌡️ Temperature and Performance Challenges

❄️ Low-temperature weakness: Electrolyte thickening reduces ion mobility and discharge efficiency.
🔥 High-temperature risk: Volatile electrolytes lead to gas generation, swelling, or even leakage.

Semi-solid lithium technology solves both problems using a hybrid electrolyte — combining solid and minimal liquid components — ensuring stable ionic conduction and thermal reliability.

📊 Test Comparison: Semi-Solid vs Liquid Lithium Batteries

Parameter	Semi-Solid Lithium	Liquid Lithium
Discharge Temperature	-20°C ~ +60°C	0°C ~ +45°C
Charge Temperature	0°C ~ +45°C	10°C ~ +40°C
Discharge Rate	3C continuous	≤1C
Charge Rate	1.5C fast charge	0.5C–1C
Low-temp Efficiency (-20°C)	≥80% capacity retention	40–50% retention
High-temp Stability (60°C)	No gas, no swelling	Risk of expansion
Nail Penetration Safety	No fire or smoke	Possible fire/smoke

🧠 Engineering Insight

Semi-solid lithium batteries combine solid electrolyte interfaces and soft pouch packaging to deliver unmatched reliability:

🔋 Stable Ionic Channels: Composite electrolytes maintain conductivity even at –20°C.
🌡️ Thermal Reliability: Prevents electrolyte evaporation and dendrite formation.
🧩 Flexible Structure: Soft pouch enhances heat dissipation and mechanical resilience.
🧱 Proven Safety: Passes nail penetration tests with no smoke or fire.

Real-world tests confirm PKNERGY semi-solid cells sustain 3C discharge at –20°C and 1.5C charging between 0–45°C — levels conventional LiFePO₄ systems cannot match under the same conditions.

🏭 PKNERGY Semi-Solid Battery Solutions

PKNERGY delivers fully customized semi-solid lithium battery packs for applications in harsh or extreme environments:

Cell Models: 706070 (3.7V 5Ah), 7740186 (3.7V 8Ah)
Operating Range: –20°C ~ +60°C discharge / 0°C ~ +45°C charge
Charge/Discharge: 1.5C charging / 3C continuous discharge
Custom BMS: CAN / RS485 communication with temperature monitoring
Certifications: UN38.3 / IEC62133 / CE / UL

These systems power energy storage and industrial automation equipment, providing reliable operation across arctic cold and desert heat alike.

📩 Contact PKNERGY

Need semi-solid lithium battery technology for your next project in extreme climates? Contact PKNERGY today to discuss your OEM/ODM requirements and discover our latest innovations in stacked and hybrid lithium solutions.